e-Government Theory
November 1, 2011 | 
Author The three main target groups of e-government concepts can be distinguished, are the government, citizens and business / interests. Citizens and businesses to focus on external stakeholders and strategic objectives that relate to the governments own internal goals.
E-commerce, market research and consulting firm Gartner has developed a four stage model of e-governance. This model of e-government, a government project to be consistent with the general trend in e-government strategy can serve as a reference.
In most cases, governments, starting with the delivery of online information, but as soon as possible, and the internal efficiency of public demand for more complex services we want. Of course, to make this change take place in stages, some of the services before other services are more in line. In some cases, public demand, in other cases, what cost-saving aspects of government, the driving force.
According to Gartner, mature e-government, e-government maturity model of a base of four steps. These phases, in Europe and other western regions, according to the experiences of e-commerce and e-government are defined.
E-government Maturity Model (Gartner)
presence of early 90 – Information
Interaction in the process of extracting the mid-90
Complete the current transaction – processing
Integration – Future transformation and organizational change
Democracy, government, economy: in each of the four phases, the online delivery of services and use of ICT in government operations, one or more aspects of e-government services.
In this model, all institutions, but also does not mean you have to go through all stages and all. By contrast, the Western world, government agencies, 1, 2 or 3 phases. The difference may be very large: public service, the tax office is not only an early stage of phase 3-phase may be. It all depends on where the highest performance.
Another explanation must be provided. This model has a different electronic government (e-democracy and e-government) solutions show the four phases. The government has been a general belief that identified the vision and policy direction is done. The “Implementation of e-government”, these words are explained.
1. Phase information
the first stage of e-governance, external public (G2C and G2B), information about resources on the web. Format of the first government websites as a booklet or brochure. Value of government information available to the public, processes, and improves democracy and service more transparent.
Built-in (G2G), government, static electronic tools such as the Internet to disseminate information. All information at this stage.
2. Interaction Phase
In the second phase, the government and the public (G2C and G2B) interaction between a variety of applications is encouraged. People ask questions by email, use search engines to get information and be able to download all kinds of forms and documents. This time saving feature. Online applications 24 / 7, the complete recording (simple) can be made in writing. Normally, this is only possible in times of a meter.
Built-in (G2G), government agencies, local area networks (LAN), intranet and email communication and data exchange.
The bottom line is this absorption takes place online to get a large part of the process, to promote greater efficiency and effectiveness. But the evidence is not provided, or the signing of a declaration by the payment of a fee, you must go to the office to complete the transaction. Electronic communication devices to accelerate internal management processes.
3. Phase of the process (Transaction)
Three phases with the increasing complexity of technology, but the value of the customer (G2C and G2B) will also be higher. Complete transactions can take place without an office.
Examples of online services, income tax, property tax filing, licenses, visas and passports and online voting and / or renewal filing date. The third stage, mainly due to the complex problems of security and personalization, for example, a digital camera (electronic) signature to ensure the transfer of legal services. Government Equipment Company, from e-procurement applications.
In this phase, internal (G2G) processes are re-designed to provide good service. The Government will provide the legal basis for the certification of new laws and regulations to create a paperless process. The bottom line is no longer a complete process, including payments, if firms online, digital, etc. This time, saves paper and money.
4. Transformation phase
The fourth stage, are all integrated IT systems, and the public can get G2C and G2B services in a virtual reconstruction phase. The ultimate goal is a single point of contact for all services.
E-Government for the activities of public corporations in the areas of information technology and communication technology (ICT) to improve. Some definitions or just the effective interaction between government and outside groups to limit Internet e-government applications. All digital information and communication technologies, including all public sector activities.
Definition, for a period of more than 50 years of government e-government is doing: Statistical Office of the central unit for the first time “electronic government” was. We do not give that name is just 50 years. E-Government, adopted in three key areas:
1. Government to improve the processes of E-Government:
2. Citizens: E-services, E-Citizen
3. External interactions * Construction: E-Society
In turn, this government, the high cost, inefficient and ineffective (e-administration), a very selfish and very disturbing (e-citizens and e-mail services) and narrow (e-Society) focuses on the problems.
A. Government to improve the processes: e-Government
E-government initiatives in this area, especially in the public sector to improve the interior. These include the following:
Financial costs and / or time by reducing the rate of departure: * Cost reduction: Introduction to the improvement.
Performance management processes: planning, monitoring and performance monitoring, resources (human, financial and others).
Establish a connection to strategic management: data levels of the government’s strategy and guidelines to develop the processes of government to strengthen research and skills, weapons, stores and agencies requesting the link.
Create Empowerment: power, authority and resources to the process of their current position for new locations.
B. E-Services, E-Citizen
These initiatives, which voters / stakeholders, their legitimacy as a client, public services or public sector, the relationship between government and citizens to consume, in particular. These initiatives and process improvements, as defined in section A. However, they also have a wide range of tasks:
In conversation with the citizens: the public with information on public sector activities. This applies in particular to a certain kind of responsibility: the authorities responsible for their own decisions and actions.
To listen to the people, the decisions of citizens to increase public awareness and actions of entry. This can be described as democracy and participation.
Improved quality of public services, along dimensions such as ease of use and costs for improving public services.
C. Structure of external interactions: E-Society
Other public agencies, private companies, nonprofit organizations and community – these initiatives in a particular relationship between the government and other institutions. Citizens, such as connections, these initiatives are to improve the processes specified in section A. However, they also have a wide range of tasks:
Improve interaction between government and industry: * a better job of working. This work includes services and business regulation, digitization, quality and cost of road improvements.
The development of communities, social capital and economic opportunity and community.
Building partnerships: the organization of groups in the creation of economic and social objectives. The public sector is almost always one of the partners, but only sometimes acts as agent for others.
In industrialized countries, understand the importance of the efficiency of our government, culture, society and the systems first run for us. This is a matter of time. We understand the impact of computers and IT systems and the value of e-Government in the United States and other higher-level understanding of modern nations, too.
But what about developing countries? Think about the difficulties of implementation. There are an infinite number of barriers to implementation, not to mention the costs. Yes, costs, and in the set-up, equipment and maintenance work must be paid. Obviously, most of these countries lack the technological expertise to use the system even after it is built. IT consultants and shortages of labor are crucial challenges.
He runs with power, things. Most nations of the world thirdly infrastructure do not have a reliable electricity supply. Failure of power supply is a major obstacle. There are often problems with flooding, weather, riots, and of course all government computer systems will be among the first targets of the guerrillas.
Even after the system is set up and these problems can be solved, the phase takes place during the period of time, and if one drive dies, where to get parts? Off the shelf turn-key equipment is not always possible to believe that there is such a silver bullet is a misnomer, since it is always to check the reality of function creep, which include both the software code and devices.
Finally, a good way to gain acceptance and yet there is the digital divide and $ 100 computer, press the scene nor the citizens cannot access. Once the changes, and citizens to have access, then you need with security threats from hackers and issues that modern nations have trouble dealing with a.
We all know the importances of IT systems are running our government in the future to play. But what is the problem with the application, people that have their center? If such weakness, illness and makes an excuse to come to high barrier? It seems so. Some say we have to accept the truth that human beings are weak and problematic, and the government does nothing well. I say the government has some very good things, well, a waste of our money, for example.
The establishment of an IT system should be on top of your game all the time. Now, many believe, have to cut a little slack these bureaucrats and experts, who are human beings? Interesting, because we do not integrate the low morale, excuses or sluggish trends in our government Artificial Intelligence IT systems. Some say that the weakness is fine and well, just to be able to communicate.
Well then, let us know your premise, and this is in the “electronic administration” to the poor implementation of the GAO review of e-government. It seems that people have in the government declared that you want the new “electronic government”, the systems, but give the word, especially when it is part of transparency and accountability. In other words, they say one thing to the public, others do. Lack of integrity is widespread among the people, we call this a weakness.
Here we consider the lack of acceptance by the bureaucrats, even though they were involved in the process and for the mission. But they met with obstacles, problems and challenges, and were capable of, how they use; excuses?
In fact, we see a problem in modern human societies, which are among the masses, who provided the funds are distributed properly then end irrelevant. But the GAO report, which has clearly indicated that the results are not satisfactory. Therefore, if I be so bold, we call the diffusion of mediocre results, piss poor performance and lack of work ethic of a pandemic. As a disease.
The mission is of utmost importance. Therefore, if the e-government initiatives are not just, even if they are the future, if you excuse the weakness and disease in the process allows the future full of promise unfulfilled, leading to further deterioration of civilization or society. The foundation of the future period must be the power at the top of the well or shrug those with the system in the future will be built and drop the ball.
The system needs, no matter what, and so if you participate actively in the design of the time they need to get with the program and job offer no excuses. Failure is not an option. You’ve always wanted at the top of the game when you win and win.
E-government is the application of information and communication technologies in government processes for managing the life cycle of safe and reliable. Lifecycle information consists of various processes such as collection, storage, handling and delivery of information. One of the main objectives of e-government is to promote the participation of citizens in the decision process, making the government accountable, transparent and effective. It is easy and inexpensive for businesses and the public benefit of easy access to the latest information available, time, energy and money to spend to get it.
The term e-government has many other neologisms such as diffusion are listed below.
E-administration-This is the deadline for the implementation of information technology and communication in the administration is carried out with the government. This aims to achieve through the use of the endless possibilities of information technologies of the last citizen of the State Administration to expand.
E-services-This is the time for all governments to provide management services in line is used. Once all the online services to citizens and start, these Internet services with then it will reduce the differences generated based on religion, region, and many other factors responsible for writing the deep divisions in society.
E-democracy through the Internet to interact with people around the country with politicians and their voices heard by their representatives. Online blogs, forums, communities, and interactive polls to help Representative of the common attitude of the population analyzed. You can provide chat rooms, direct communication between citizens and political leaders. These include, for example the policy of online publications, forums online complaint repairs and e-referendum.
The main delivery models of e-government can be divided into four models to the public as a government or government-to-consumer (G2C), Government-to-business (G2B), Government to Government G2G), government-to be division employee (G2E).
E-government, though often as a government with an Internet connection to better services and better accessibility to public services. But the concept of e-government is a little less understood by Internet order, as there are many non-Internet based e-government models that can be used in this context.
For example, some of the ways the Internet cannot be
Call, fax, PDA, SMS, MMS,
II wireless networks and services, Bluetooth, CCTV, RFID tracking systems,
III. Road traffic management and enforcement
IV. cards, smart card technology polling TV and radio on the provision of public services.
E-government is a powerful tool for all types of economies (developed, developing and transition) to help take advantage of the global information society, so that the largest possible part of the respective population.
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Tags: accountable, collection storage, deep divisions, delivery models, e government, e-administration, e-democracy, e-services, effective, endless possibilities, G2B, G2C, G2E, G2G, government, government processes, interactive polls, neologisms, public benefit, state administration, transparent | 
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