(for those beginners in dynamips)
Attention: Make sure your IOS version is 12.2s above. To guarantee the success of the experiment, the IOS version should be 12.3 above.
Begin with C7200
Slot 0:

C7200-IO-FE <——> support one Fastethernet interface
C7200-IO-2FE <——> support two Fastethernet interfaces (there is no such option in DynamipsGUI 2.3 you should add it by yourself)
C7200-IO-GE-E <——> two ports would appear at the same time when you insert this card:Ethernet0/0 and GigabitEthernet0/0 (I never use such card)

attention: these three cards can only be inserted in Slot0. It would be useless to insert it in other slot.
Slot 1-5:

PA-2FE-TX <——> support two Fastethernet interfaces
PA-FE-TX <——> support one Fastethernet interface
PA-4E <——> support four Ethernet interface
PA-4T+ <——> support four serial interface
PA-8E <——> support eight Ethernet interface
PA-8T <——> support eight serial interface
PA-A1 <——> support one ATM port adapter interface
PA-GE <——> support one GigabitEthernet interface
PA-POS-OC3<——> support one Packet Over SONET/SDH interface (used for high-speed interface)

Next is C3600(3620/3640/3660)

NM-16ESW <——> support sixteen Fastethernet interface(exchange module, please use no ip routing to close port router when using this module to do experiment)
NM-1E <——> support one Ethernet interface
NM-1FE-TX<——> support one Fastethernet interface
NM-4E <——> support four Ethernet interface
NM-4T <——> support four serial interface
Leopard-2FE<——>support two Fastethernet interface(exclusive for3660, and it could only be used under slot 0)

attention: only two slot can be used for 3620, and four for 3640. other modules are not restricted to certain slot except for Leopard-2FE. (lately DynamipSeeV2.0 has issued that slot is restricted in DynamipsGUI, but 3660 is not supported)

c3725/c3745/c2691

GT96100-FE <——>support two Fastethernet interfaces(only limited to slot 0)
NM-16ESW <——>support sixteen Fastethernet interface(no repeated explanation)
NM-1FE-TX <——>support one Fastethernet interface
NM-4T <——>support four serial interface

c2600(2610/2611/2620/2621/2610XM/2620XM/2650XM)

NM-16ESW <——> support sixteen Fastethernet interface
NM-1E <——> support one Ethernet interface
NM-1FE-TX<——> support one Fastethernet interface
NM-4E <——> support four Ethernet interface
CISCO2600-MB-2E<——>support two Ethernet interface
CISCO2600-MB-2FE<——>support two Fastethernet interface

Attention: modules in DynamipsGUI are CISCO2600-MB-2E and CISCO2600-MB-2FE, both of which can only choose 2620. Dynamipsee can only choose 2610/2611/2620/2621/2610XM/2620XM/2650XM, but not 2610/2611/2620/2621/2610XM/2620XM/2650XM

We suggest that you use 2600 as a simulation for host with a small IOS (C2600IOS)

Flickr : 640-802, ccna, cisco exam, cisco simulator, dynagen, dynamips

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IOS version idle pc value
c7200-ik9o3s-mz.123-17a.bin 0×60729c0c
c7200-ik9o3s-mz.124-3.bin 0×60940e94
c7200-p-mz.121-27b.bin 0×60541950
c7200-is.122-34.bin 0×606d0d14(not work)
c7200-is-mz.121-2.t.bin 0×6056b8d8(not work)
c7200-is-mz.123-10d.bin 0×607f145c
c7200-is-mz.121-27b.bin 0×605787d8
c7200-is-mz.123-16.bin 0×60809504
c7200-jk9o3s-mz.123-15.bin 0×60663630
c7200-jk9o3s-mz.124-1a.bin 0×60835cc4
c7200-jk9o3s-mz.124-3.bin 0×6084142c
c7200-jk9s-mz.122-15.T17.bin 0×607080c0
c7200-js-mz.122-11.T.bin 0×60598ff8
c7200-js-mz.124-3.bin 0×60830f2c
c7200-js-mz.124-7.bin 0c60708f5c
c7200-adventerprisek9-mz.124-2.T5.bin 0×60255bac

Some too old IOS do not support in dynamips, it recommend that using a recent verion IOS.

The IOS 12.1~12.2 always start at 0×605….. , the IOS 12.3 seems start at 0×607……., the newest IOS 12.4 always start at 0×609……..

Main version 12.1
c7200-is-mz.121-27b.bin ======>0×605787d8
c7200-p-mz.121-27b.bin =======>0×60541950

Main version 12.2
c7200-js-mz.122-11.T.bin =====>0×60598ff8

Main version 12.3
c7200-is-mz.123-10d.bin =====>0x607ef570
c7200-is-mz.123-16.bin ======>0×60809504
c7200-ik9o3s-mz.123-17a.bin =>0×60729c0c
c7200-jk9o3s-mz.123-18.bin ==>0x60750bf0
c7200-jk9o3s-mz.123-15.bin ==>0×60663630

Main version 12.4
c7200-ik9o3s-mz.124-3.bin ===>0×60940e94
c7200-js-mz.124-3.bin =======>0×60830f2c
c7200-js-mz.124-7.bin =======>0c60708f5c
c7200-jk9o3s-mz.124-1a.bin ==>0×60835cc4
c7200-jk9o3s-mz.124-1c.bin ==>not working
c7200-jk9o3s-mz.124-3.bin ===>0×6084142c
c7200-jk9o3s-mz.124-8.bin ==>0×60968520

Advenced Enterprise and IP services version IOS:
c7200-adventerprisek9-mz.124-2.T5.bin ==>0×60255bac
c7200-advipservicesk9-mz.124-4.T1.bin ==>0x607117d4

Looks like the post in the forum ate all the indentation, which Python relies on of course. But now that we can attach files, here it is.

However, you should not use the idle-pc values this script helps to find. They only work once the router is at the “>” or “#” prompt and it has since been determined that finding them at the “Please press RETURN” prompt is the better way to go. But if someone wants to invest the time to find an offline method for determining those idlepc values that would be a pretty great addition to the project.

dear friends
i am collecting idlepc values. plz here ur idlepc values here and i will update following list.

Following users helped me to collecting these idlepc values:
marco af3556 BitBass fugazi supernet quangtn Seb74 ratko Ricky_zhu eclypse GaryCorken rubiojr srg

Code:

***************c2691*************** c2691-m-z.12.3-12a.image = 0x6046d040

Code:

***************c3620*************** c3620-ik9o3s6-mz.123-20.bin = 0x604c8ee0 c3620-i-mz.122-37.bin = 0×60425144 c3620-io3-mz.122-32.bin = 0x60424e08 c3620-is-mz.113.bin = 0x601bb36c c3620-is-mz.122-32.bin = 0x604231fc c3620-is-mz.123-20.bin = 0x604c8ee0 c3620-ix-mz.122-32.bin = 0x60424e08 c3620-ix-mz.123-17a.bin = 0x604ca130

Code:

***************c3640*************** c3640-d-mz.120-4.bin = 0x602069ac c3640-i-mz.112-20.P.bin = 0x6017144c c3640-i-mz.122-5.bin = 0×60430348 c3640-i-mz.122-6.bin = 0x604634d0 c3640-i-mz.124-5a.image = 0x604fa5bc c3640-io3-mz.122-32.bin = 0x6042438c c3640-js-mz.123-14.T7.bin = 0x605209b0 c3640-js-mz.123-14.T7.bin = 0×60521510 c3640-js-mz.123-6a.bin = 0x6045b2a8 c3640-telco-mz.123-11.T.bin = 0x60feae68 c3640-telco-mz.124-12.bin = 0x610314f4

Code:

***************c3660*************** c3660-ik9o3s-mz.124-6.T.bin = 0x606f4e5c c3660-i-mz.122-11.T1.image = 0×60488370 c3660-i-mz.124-8.bin = 0x606b3964 c3660-is-mz.12.2-8-T.bin = 0x604548d4 c3660-jk9o3s-mz.122-32.bin = 0x603ab6f0 c3660-jk9o3s-mz.124-12.bin = 0x6055fd68

Code:

***************c3725*************** c3725-is-m.12.2-13-T.bin = 0x604c6a24

Code:

***************c3745*************** c3745-entbasek9-mz.124-5a.bin = 0x607883fc c3745-js-mz.123-17a.bin = 0x604d61c8

Code:

***************c7200*************** c7200-adventerprisek9-mz.124-2.T5.bin = 0x60255bac c7200-advipservicesk9-mz.124-4.T1.bin = 0x607117d4 c7200-advipservicesk9-mz.124-9.T1.bin = 0×60361048 c7200-boot-mz.120-27.S1.bin = 0x603c7850 c7200-boot-mz.120-5.T1.bin = 0x603cc858 c7200-dr-mz.111-9.bin = 0x600a3234 c7200-ik9o3s-mz.122-13b.bin = 0x6069758c c7200-ik9o3s-mz.123-17a.bin = 0x60729c0c c7200-ik9o3s-mz.123-17a.bin = 0x6080d38c c7200-ik9o3s-mz.124-3.bin = 0×60940e94 c7200-is-mz.120-5.T1.bin = 0x60429b2c c7200-is-mz.121-2.t.bin = 0x6056b8a8 c7200-is-mz.121-27b.bin = 0x605787d8 c7200-is-mz.122-34.bin = 0x606d0d14 c7200-is-mz.123-10d.bin = 0x607f145c c7200-is-mz.123-10d.bin = 0x607ef570 c7200-is-mz.123-16.bin = 0×60809504 c7200-is-mz.124-8.bin = 0x6083b7c4 c7200-jk9o3s-mz.12.4-3.bin = 0x6084142c c7200-jk9o3s-mz.122-15.T17.bin = 0x606321CC c7200-jk9o3s-mz.123-15.bin = 0×60663630 c7200-jk9o3s-mz.123-18.bin = 0x60750bf0 c7200-jk9o3s-mz.124-1a.bin = 0×60835cc4 c7200-jk9o3s-mz.124-3.bin = 0×6084142c c7200-jk9o3s-mz.124-7a.bin = 0x6068802c c7200-jk9o3s-mz.124-8.bin = 0×60968520 c7200-jk9s-mz.122-15.T17.bin = 0x607080c0 C7200-js56i-mz.113-7.bin = 0x6033199c c7200-js-mz.122-11.T.bin = 0x60598ff8 c7200-js-mz.122-11.T.bin = 0×60599008 c7200-js-mz.124-3.bin = 0x60830f2c c7200-js-mz.124-7.bin = 0xc60708f5c c7200-k4p-mz.120-27.S1.bin = 0x604fb080 c7200-k91p-mz.122-25.S11.bin = 0x60785bc8 c7200-kboot-mz.122-25.S9.bin = 0x606333ac c7200-p-mz.120-15.bin = 0×60392000 c7200-p-mz.121-27b.bin = 0×60541950 c7200-tipv6-mz.bin = 0x601f933c

Flickr : ccna, cisco, cisco exam, cisco simulator, dynagen, dynamips

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First you can download Dynamips from here and I recommend to use 0.2.6-RC5 (both for linux and windows)

extract all to /home/dynagen
mkdir /home/dynagen/images // for the IOS Image
mkdir /home/dynagen/working // for Dynamips server outputs and memory emulation
and extract your IOS image to it

After you extract the binary (unless you know what you are doing I recommend to to waist your time with the Source). you need to create a shell file that will open localhost ports of Dynamips on your PC and this you can see in my artical

Then all you need to do is to start the lab that you want from the labs I have given by
do not forget to change the IOS image name to fit what you are using and to check your idle-pc as it is important if you want to work with more then one router. you can find more info on idle-pc here

./dynagen

Network successfully started
Dynagen management console for Dynamips

=> list
Name Type State Server Console
R1 3640 stopped localhost:7200 2001
R2 3640 stopped localhost:7208 2002
….
….
=> start R1 // to start R1 then you can either from a new console

#telnet localhost 7200

or if you in linux gui mode
you can do under the Dynagen Console

=> telnet R1 // it will open you a telnet terminal

I think it summarize almost all you need to get started so
Good Luck

Flickr : ccna, cisco, cisco exam, cisco simulator, dynagen, dynamips

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In continue to people comments and notes on the subject I would like to write a small doc here on how to Work with Dynampis on linux

First you can download Dynamips from here and I recommend to use 0.2.6-RC5 (both for linux and windows)

extract all to /home/dynagen
mkdir /home/dynagen/images // for the IOS Image
mkdir /home/dynagen/working // for Dynamips server outputs and memory emulation
and extract your IOS image to it

After you extract the binary (unless you know what you are doing I recommend to to waist your time with the Source). you need to create a shell file that will open localhost ports of Dynamips on your PC and this you can see in my artical

Then all you need to do is to start the lab that you want from the labs I have given by
do not forget to change the IOS image name to fit what you are using and to check your idle-pc as it is important if you want to work with more then one router. you can find more info on idle-pc here

./dynagen

Network successfully started
Dynagen management console for Dynamips

=> list
Name Type State Server Console
R1 3640 stopped localhost:7200 2001
R2 3640 stopped localhost:7208 2002
….
….
=> start R1 // to start R1 then you can either from a new console

#telnet localhost 7200

or if you in linux gui mode
you can do under the Dynagen Console

=> telnet R1 // it will open you a telnet terminal

I think it summarize almost all you need to get started so
Good Luck

Flickr : ccna, cisco, cisco exam, cisco simulator, dyagen, dynamips

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Like I said, I’m not quite sure it is practical anymore to acquire your own equipment to study. Maybe it’s still benefical for those who are just starting out on the CCNA track and have never touched a router before, but these days where funds are limited, it might be best to invest time in learning these emulators. I’ve seen in the study forums that more and more people are using the emulators to study for their R&S and SP exams. While you might need to rent some rack time for a PIX, VPN Concentrator, and IDS for the Security track, you can still hone your skills using the Advanced Security IOS with the emulators. I’ve even seen Brian Dennis up on the 7200emu.hacki.at website talking about recommending the emulators to his students as alternative study options for those with limited funds.
Aside from practicing the routing aspect with the emulators, one of the most necessary devices for any of the CCIE tracks is the Catalyst switch. There have been many requests to develop an emulator for the 3550 or 3560 series switches, but the programmers who brought us dynamips and dynagen have stated that mapping the actual switch in memory is too difficult at this time. With enough assistance from the open source community, I’m sure we aren’t too far away from seeing that happen. In the meantime, the programmers have released dynamips-0.2.6-RC1-x86.bin and dynagen-0.6.0 which allows us the ability to run the NM-16ESW module. Well what do you know, a switching module within a 3620, 3640, or 3660 router.
Learning of this new version earlier this morning, I had to run it to see it working for myself. I obviously had to modify my existing dynagen configuration several times to get it to work, but I managed to get the switching module running. If you are wondering, here’s what my configuration looks like:
# Lab1
autostart = false
[localhost:3600]
[[3660]]
image = /tmp/Dynamips/3600img.bin
idlepc=0×6055b4cc
ram = 112
#nvram = 96
port = 3600
[[FRSW FR]]
5:502 = 2:205
5:503 = 3:305
5:504 = 4:405
56:516 = 65:615
[[ROUTER SW1]]
cnfg = lab1-sw1.txt
model = 3660
console = 2000
slot1 = NM-16ESW
[[ROUTER R1]]
cnfg = lab1-r1.txt
model = 3660
console = 2001
f0/0 = SW1 f1/1
[[ROUTER R2]]
cnfg = lab1-r2.txt
model = 3660
console = 2002
f0/0 = SW1 f1/2
s1/0 = FR 2
[[ROUTER R3]]
cnfg = lab1-r3.txt
model = 3660
console = 2003
f0/0 = SW1 f1/3
s1/0 = FR 3
[[ROUTER R4]]
cnfg = lab1-r4.txt
model = 3660
console = 2004
f0/0 = SW1 f1/4
s1/0 = FR 4
[[ROUTER R5]]
cnfg = lab1-r5.txt
model = 3660
console = 2005
f0/0 = SW1 f1/5
s1/0 = FR 5
s1/1 = FR 56
[[ROUTER R6]]
cnfg = lab1-r6.txt
model = 3660
console = 2006
f0/0 = SW1 f1/6
f0/1 = SW1 f1/10
s1/1 = FR 65
[[ROUTER BB1]]
cnfg = lab1-bb1.txt
model = 3660
console = 2007
f0/0 = SW1 f1/7
[[ROUTER BB2]]
cnfg = lab1-bb2.txt
model = 3660
console = 2008
f0/0 = SW1 f1/8
[[ROUTER BB3]]
cnfg = lab1-bb3.txt
model = 3660
console = 2009
f0/0 = SW1 f1/9
f0/1 = SW1 f1/11
I used to just keep a text editor open to type in commands for switch related tasks for my practice labs. The reason for this is because for the past few years it’s been pretty straight forward for me. Now that this module is available to me, I have the luxury of testing a few more features out on the switch. If I feel I’ve come across a task that requires a feature I haven’t used before, I just glance at the Doc CD and read up on it.
Since I’m more than comfortable with running these emulators from this point forward, it’s time for me to part with my depreciated equipment, sell them on eBay, and reclaim some of that money I spent years ago.

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Summary
The principle of dynamips is to simulate hardware platform of CISCO Router, run CISCO software directly, and to achieve almost complete simulation of CISCO routers and switches effect while dynagen is to make it more convenient for you to use and the configuration more humane on the basis of dynamips. This paper is an instruction for dynagen to use dynagen in windows xp. In addition, its use and configuration in Linux and other platforms is basically the same. You can use this software on the basis of this paper to achieve simulation running of numbers of routers on single or more PCs and to realize their interconnection. This is helpful for you to study CISCO router figuration on network. This is the supplementary information about running numbers of routers on one or more PC (windows) and realizing their interconnection. The latest version can support switch module, but temporarily I don’t know how to use switch on it. Would someone please tell me if you can?

Hardware and software requirements

1. Operating system I use is windows xp sp2, and my computer is Lenovo Yang Tian Series, with 1G EMS memory.

2. You can download dynamips, dynagen and WinPcap in the enclosure.
3. As chris has said, CISCO BIN file cannot be offered, but if you have bought CISCO product, these are no problem.

Installation

The following section is one of my colleagues, Zhang Ye introduced for us:

Dynagen support Linux，Windows XP（but not 2000; as to 2000的you can try DynamipsGUI）

1) first install dynagen-0.8.3_dynamips-0.2.6-RC5_Win_XP_setup.exe。Dynagen has integrated WinPcap, so there is no need to install WinPcap.

2) Decompress dynamips-0.2.6-RC5-cygwin.zip. Copy the decompressed files to C:\Program Files\Dynamips.
you can find the files you need in this forum.

After installation, you can see the following by pressing START-ALL PROGRAMS-Dynagen (you can also see it on the desktop)

Later we’ll mainly use “dynamips server”, but if you want to realize interconnectivity of the routers on many PCs you still need “network device list”. Therefore, I will first introduce their functions:

1. “dynamips server”: it needs startup every time you use it, but you only have to start up one time no matter how many routers or switches are running on a PC.

2. “network device list”: This is used mainly to show your network card information. When you want to designate a virtual router interfaces (e.g. R1 f0/0 we’ll introduce to you in the following) to a specific NIC, you use this tool to obtain network card information and then fill it into your configuration files.

Well, next we’ll learn how to configure and use this software.

use

First, put your CISCO IOS in “C:\Program Files\Dynamips\images”， then when you start the system it will read these IOS. Here you can change the CISCO IOS file to “.zip” file, and then decompress it. In this way when you start the Router later, it would be faster, because you advance the decompression operation.

After installation, there will be “.net” file configuration. This document designated models of various routers, switches and starting file IOS, and how to connect the interfaces of routers and switches and so on.

This software brings a “C:\Program Files\Dynamips\sample_labs” directory with configured examples in it. Next we’ll tell you how to configure “.net” file through modification of “C:\Program Files\Dynamips\sample_labs\simple1\simple1.net”. Here we’ll not list the system bringing”simple1.net”file. The following is the revised “simple1.net”.

# Simple lab

autostart = false

[localhost]

[[7200]]

image = \Program Files\Dynamips\images\C7200.image

# On Linux / Unix use forward slashes:

# image = /opt/7200-images/c7200-jk9o3s-mz.124-7a.image

npe = npe-400

ram = 160

[[ROUTER R1]]

s1/0 = R2 s1/0

f0/0 = R2 f0/0

mmap = true

[[router R2]]

mmap = true

[[ROUTER R3]]

model = 2691

image = \Program Files\Dynamips\images\c2691.bin

mmap = true

# No need to specify an adapter here, it is taken care of

# by the interface specification under Router R1

“#”note:

1.autostart = false: to define that when starting up ” Net, “file without running these virtual router defined in the document. We strongly recommend that you configure like this, or your machine could not stand when you suddenly start a lot of virtual router.

2.[[7200]] to define the default model of Router be 7200

3.The “image = \Program Files\Dynamips\images\C7200.image” under [[7200]], to define the default start of Router uses this BIN file

4.[[ROUTER R1]] Next step is configuration of virtual router R1. Others similar are R2 and R3.

5.f0/0 = R2 f0/0: to define the connection of virtual router R1 f0/0 and virtual router R2 f0/0.

6.mmap = true：This is similar to virtual memory of PC, which means you can run virtual router by using virtual memory. I strongly recommend you to do like this too.

7.model = 2691: to define that the model of virtual router R3 be 2691. The model of the two virtual routers R1 and R2 mentioned above is 7200 in default.

8.The “image = \Program Files\Dynamips\images\c2691.bin” under [[ROUTER R3]]: to define the BIN file started up by virtual router R3 is “image = \Program Files\Dynamips\images\c2691.bin”, and the BIN file started by the former two virtual routers R1 and R2 is “c7200.bin” in default.

After the above configuration, we can run it for a try. Operation steps are as following:

1.Initiate “dynamips server”. Click on “start-all programs–Dynagen à Dynamips Server”.

2.Double click “C:\Program Files\Dynamips\sample_labs\simple1\simple1.net” we’ve just configured; you’ll see a DOS interface. To make it convenient, we’ll call it DOS1. Input “help” on DOS1 and you can see various commands of this software.

3.Input “list” on DOS1 and you can see every virtual router and their state. “Console” row is the corresponding port number of every virtual router CONSOLE. You can log into the virtual router R1 CONSOLE by using the command “telnet 127.0.0.1 2000″ with the help of SecureCRT or other TELNET tools.

4.Of course, as you configured “autostart = false” and no router is initiated, so it’s useless to log into CONSOLE. Use command “start R1″on DOS1 to initiate virtual router R1. Now you can log into router R1 CONSOLE and configure.

5.Please don’t be so excited that you configure router 1 at once. Let’s return to DOS1. Use command “idlepc get R1″or”idlepc show R1″ on DOS1 and you’ll see the following picture:

There is a remark in this picture (choose the corresponding 0x6077e9fc of the maximum [xx]). As the maximum [xx] is [80] here, so we choose the”0x6077e9fc”on the same line. Later we’ll use it to configure idlepc. This idlepc is very useful, for this software default is to maximally use your PC system resources. With this idlepc configuration, this software occupying of your system resources would be under effective control. You can also get the idlepc values of R2 and R3 with these steps.

Here we’ll remind you: at beginning every port of virtual router is “administratively down”, so you need to input corresponding interface configuration mode and use “no shutdown” to make interface up.

# Simple lab

autostart = false

[localhost]

[[7200]]

image = \Program Files\Dynamips\images\C7200.image

# On Linux / Unix use forward slashes:

# image = /opt/7200-images/c7200-jk9o3s-mz.124-7a.image

npe = npe-400

ram = 160

[[ROUTER R1]]

s1/0 = R2 s1/0

f0/0 = R2 f0/0

mmap = true

idlepc = 0x6077e9fc

[[router R2]]

mmap = true

idlepc = 0x6077b778

[[ROUTER R3]]

model = 2691

image = \Program Files\Dynamips\images\c2691.bin

mmap = true

f0/0 = NIO_gen_eth:\Device\NPF_{51179616-52D7_450B-BDCE-090D80AEB467}

idlepc = 0xffffffff8000ad14

# No need to specify an adapter here, it is taken care of

# by the interface specification under Router R1

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Methods and steps:
bridge.conf1:udp:10000:127.0.0.1:100012:udp:10002:127.0.0.1:100033:udp:10004:127.0.0.1:10005

1 、 set up text file named bridge.conf1, with the following contents:

bridge.conf1:udp:10000:127.0.0.1:100012:udp:10002:127.0.0.1:100033:udp:10004:127.0.0.1:10005

2 、 Designate a dynamips example to execute the text in step 1.
R4—dynamips -i 0 -T 2004 -b bridge.conf 1/home/dynamips/image.bin
R1—dynamips -i 1 -T 2001 -X -s 0:0:udp:10001:127.0.0.1:10000 /home/dynamips/image.bin
R2—dynamips -i 2 -T 2002 -X -s 0:0:udp:10003:127.0.0.1:10002 /home/dynamips/image.bin
R3—dynamips -i 3 -T 2003 -X -s 0:0:udp:10005:127.0.0.1:10004 /home/dynamips/image.bin

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By default, aNPE-200 is emulated. You can choose the NPE type with the”-t” option.It is
possible to select “npe-100″, “npe-150″, “npe-175″,”npe-200″, “npe-225″, “npe-300″ and”npe-400″. The “npe-g1″ is not working.
Please note that you must use the C7200-IO-FE PA driver as IO card if you want aFastEthernet interface in slot 0.
For other slots, you must use the PA-FE-TXdriver.
Command Line Options overview
-r<ram_size>
: Set the virtual RAMsize (default is 256 Mb)
-o<rom_size>
: Set the virtual ROMsize (default is 4 Mb)
-n<nvram_size> : Set the NVRAM size (default is 128 Kb)

-l<log_file>
: Set logging file(default is pred_log0.txt)
-C<cfg_file>
: Import an IOSconfiguration file into NVRAM
-X
: Do not use a file to simulateRAM (faster)
-R<rom_file>
: Load an alternateROM (default is embedded)
-S<sym_file>
: Load a symbol file
-c<conf_reg>
: Set theconfiguration register (default is 0×2102)
-m<mac_addr>
: Set the MAC addressof the chassis (IOS chooses default)
-k<clock_div>
: Set the clock divisor(default is 2)

-T<port>
: Console is on TCP<port> (default is on the terminal)
-A<port>
: AUX is on TCP<port> (default is no AUX port)
-i

: Instruction block trace, veryslow
-j
: Disable the JIT compiler, veryslow
-t<npe_type>
: Select NPE type
-M<midplane>
: Select Midplane(“std” or “vxr”)
-p<pa_desc>
: Define a PortAdapter
-s<pa_nio>
: Bind a Network IOinterface to a Port Adapter
-a<cfg_file>
: Virtual ATM switchconfiguration file
-f<cfg_file>
: Virtual Frame relayswitch configuration file
-b<cfg_file>
: Virtual bridgeconfiguration file
-e
: Show network device list of thehost machine

Command Line Optionsdetails

<clock_div> :
Specify the clock divider (integer) based onthe host clock.
Alter the value to matchthe CISCO clock with the real time.
The command”show clock” at the IOS’ CLI will help you set this value.
<pa_desc>:
Format: slot:pa_driver:netio_type[:netio_parameters]

slot
: the number of the physical slot(starts from 0)
pa_driver
: the name of a port adapter driver in:

-C7200-IO-FE
(FastEthernet, slot 0only)

-PA-FE-TX
(FastEthernet, slots 1 to6)

-PA-4T+
(Serial, 4 ports)

-PA-8T
(Serial, 8 ports)

-PA-A1
(ATM)

<pa_nio> :
Format:slot:port:netio_type[:netio_parameters]

slot
: the number of thephysical slot (starts from 0)

port
: the port in thespecified slot (starts from 0)
netio_type :host interface for communication

netio_type:

unix:<local_sock>:<remote_sock>

Use unix sockets for local communication.

<local_sock> is created and represents the local NIC.

<remote_sock>is the file used by the other interface.

(ex. “/tmp/local:/tmp/remote”)

tap:<tap_name>
Use a virtual ethernet device forcommunication.
Tap：

<tap_name> is the name of the tap device (ex.”tap0″)

gen_eth:<dev_name>
Use a real ethernet device forcommunication, using libpcap 0.9 or WinPcap. Works on Windows and Unixsystems.

<dev_name>is the name of the Ethernet device (ex. “eth0″)

The device listcan be found using the “-e” option.

linux_eth:<dev_name>
Use a real ethernet device forcommunication (Linux specific).

<dev_name>is the name of the Ethernet device (ex. “eth0″)

udp:<local_port>:<remote_host>:<remote_port>

Use an UDPsocket for connection between remote instances.

<local_port> is the port we listen to.

<remote_host> is the host listening the port you want to connectto.

<remote_port> is the port you want to connect to.

(ex.”1000:somehost:2000″ and “2000:otherhost:1000″ on the otherside)

tcp_cli:<host>:<port>

Client side of a tcpconnection.

<host> is the ip address of the server.

<port> isthe port to connect to.

tcp_ser:<port>
Server side of a tcp connection.

<port> is the port to listen to.

null
Dummy netio (used fortesting/debugging), no parameters needed.
Tcp_ser<prot>
Null

Escape commands

You can press
Ctrl +]
anytime,followed by one of these characters:

d : Show the device list
r : Dump MIPS CPU registers
t : Dump MIPS TLB entries

m : Dump the latest memory accesses

s : Suspend CPU emulation

u : Resume CPU emulation

q : Quit the emulator

b : Dump the instruction block tree

h : JIT hash table statistics

c : Write IOS configuration to disk(ios_cfg.txt)

j : Non-JIT mode statistics

x : Experimentations (can crash the box!)
^]: Send ^]
If you press an unrecognized key, help willbe shown.
Note: on Windows, it may bethe “Ctrl + $” sequence.

Virtual Bridge

The virtual bridge is used to emulate ashared network between emulator
instances.Any emulator instance can ast asa virtual bridge.

The configuration file (specified by the”-b” option) contains a list of NetIO descriptors, which thefollowing

syntax: netio_type[:netio_parameters]

Example:
# Connection to instance “I0″
udp:10000:127.0.0.1:10001
# Connection to instance “I1″
udp:10002:127.0.0.1:10003

# Connection to instance “I2″
udp:10004:127.0.0.1:10005

The “I0″ would be launched withthe following parameters:

dynamips ios.bin -p 1:PA-FE-TX:udp:10001:127.0.0.1:10000

Virtual ATM switch
******************

The virtual ATM switch fabric is used toemulate an ATM backbone between
emulator instances. The use of this virtualswitch is not mandatory, you
can directly connect emulator instances forpoint-to-point ATM connections.
Please note that only basic VP/VC switchingis supported, there is no
support for ILMI/QSAAL/… or otherspecific ATM protocols.

Any emulator instance can act as a virtualATM switch.

Example of configuration file (specified bythe “-a” option):

# Virtual Interface List
IF:A0:udp:10001:127.0.0.1:10000
IF:A1:udp:10002:127.0.0.1:10003
IF:A2:udp:10004:127.0.0.1:10005

# VP connection between I0 and I1
VP:A0:10:A1:20
VP:A1:20:A0:10

# VP connection between I0 and I2
VP:A0:11:A2:30
VP:A2:30:A0:11

# VC connection between I1 and I2
VC:A1:5:2:A2:7:3
VC:A2:7:3:A1:5:2

In this example, we have 3 virtualinterfaces, A0, A1 and A2. The syntax
for interface definition is similar to PortAdapters:

IF:interface_name:netio_type[:netio_parameters]

You can do VP switching or VC switching:
1) VP switching

syntax:VP:input_if:input_vpi:output_if:output_vpi

2) VC switching

syntax: VC:input_if:input_vpi:input_vci:output_if:output_vpi:output_vci

Testing the Virtual ATM switch with onedynamips instance
*********************************************************
(Contribution of Mtv Europe)

Virtual ATM switch configuration file(“atm.cfg”):

IF:A0:udp:10003:127.0.0.1:10001
IF:A1:udp:10004:127.0.0.1:10002

# a0/vpi=1/vci=100 connects toa1/vpi=2/vci=200
VC:A0:1:100:A1:2:200

VC:A1:2:200:A0:1:100

Invoking dynamips:

./dynamips -p1:PA-A1:udp:10001:127.0.0.1:10003 -p 2:PA-A1:udp:10002:127.0.0.1:10004 -aatm.cfg IOS.BIN

(note input ports of IOS interfaces areoutput ports of ATM switch
interfaces, and vice versa).

IOS configuration:

ip cef
ip vrf test

rd1:1

route-targetboth 1:1
int a1/0

noshut
int a1/0.2 p

ipaddr 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

pvc1/100
interface a2/0

noshut
interface a2/0.2 p

ipvrf forwarding test

ipaddr 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

pvc2/200
!

# ping 1.1.1.2
!!!!!

Virtual Frame-Relay switch
**************************

The virtual Frame-Relay switch fabric isused to emulate a Frame-Relay
backbone between emulator instances. Theuse of this virtual switch is not
mandatory, you can directly connectemulator instances with appropriate IOS
configuration.

Any emulator instance can act as a virtualFrame-Relay switch.

There is only a basic implementation of theLMI protocol (ANSI Annex D), which isprobably not conforming but works withCisco IOS. Fortunately, Cisco IOS
isable to detect automatically the LMI protocol.

Example of configuration file (specified bythe “-f” option):

# Virtual Interface List
IF:S0:udp:10001:127.0.0.1:10000
IF:S1:udp:10002:127.0.0.1:10003

# DLCI switching between S0 and S1
VC:S0:200:S1:100
VC:S1:100:S0:200

In this example, we have 2 virtualinterfaces, S0 and S1. The syntax for interface definition is similar to PortAdapters:

IF:interface_name:netio_type[:netio_parameters]

DLCI switching syntax:

VC:input_if:input_dlci:output_if:output_dlci

In the example above, the switch is configuredto switch packets received on interface S0 with DLCI 200 to interface S1 withDLCI 100, and vice-versa.

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autostart = false
[localhost]
[[7200]]
# In order to speed up the process, I had to download the Cygwin utilities to utilize unzip. Run the following command:
# unzip -p c7200-g6ik8s-mz.124-2.T1.bin > image.bin
# This will decompress the IOS image, so your emulated routers will start much faster.
# In linux, you’ll want to run the following: file image.bin
image = \Windows\Temp\image.bin
# I found this command within the Dynamips blog. Basically without this command, the emulator will run all 11 routers,
# but extremely slow. Adding this speeds up the process.
idlepc = 0×60671480
npe = npe-400
ram = 96
nvram = 192
confreg = 0×2102
midplane = std
## If you only have 1GB of RAM, this will run the routers off your disk instead of eating up your memory.
mmap = true
clock = 10
[[FRSW FR]]
4:403 = 3:304
4:405 = 5:504
1:102 = 2:201
[[ROUTER R1]]
f0/0 = SW1 1
s1/0 = FR 1
[[ROUTER R2]]
f0/0 = SW1 2
s1/0 = FR 2
[[ROUTER R3]]
f0/0 = SW1 3
s1/0 = FR 3
f2/0 = SW2 3
[[ROUTER R4]]
f0/0 = SW1 4
s1/0 = FR 4
s1/1 = R5 s1/1
[[ROUTER R5]]
f0/0 = SW1 5
f2/0 = SW2 5
s1/0 = FR 5
[[ROUTER R6]]
f0/0 = SW1 6
s1/0 = BB1 s1/0
[[ROUTER BB1]]
[[ROUTER BB2]]
slot1 = PA-8T
f2/0 = SW2 8
[[ROUTER BB3]]
f0/0 = SW1 9
slot1 = PA-8T
[[ROUTER SW1R]]
f0/0 = SW1 10
f2/0 = SW2 10
[[ROUTER SW2R]]
f0/0 = SW1 11
f2/0 = SW2 11
[[ETHSW SW1]]
1 = access 10
2 = access 23
3 = access 23
4 = access 43
5 = access 58
6 = access 67
9 = access 43
10 = access 67
11 = access 58
[[ETHSW SW2]]
3 = access 32
5 = access 5
8 = access 32
10 = access 78
11 = access 78
You’ll have to learn the intricacies of each line on your own, but hopefully you get the idea. If anyone happens to come up with more efficient ways of running these 2 programs, I’d appreciate it if you shared them with me.
If you are wondering, I have tested Dynamips and Dynagen in several versions of linux (i.e. Ubuntu, xubuntu, and CentOS). You really don’t have to tweak any of the configuration up above. The default file that Dynagen comes with is sufficient enough.

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The following is methods of using GHOST characteristics

Firstly, set up a GHOST.BAT file. For example, dynamips-wxp.exe -P 3600 -t 3640 -r 128 -g ..\ghost_ram ..\c3640-ik9o3s-mz.124-8a.bin of 3640//set up GHOST mirror image of 128MB and name it ghost_ram.
Then enter parameters in the DynamipsGUI generated BAT files, -G ..\ the generated GHOST mirror image of IOS -space-men
For example: dynamips-wxp.exe -T 2002 -P 3600 -r 128 -t 3640 -c 0×2102 -p 0:NM-1FE-TX -p 1:NM-4T -s 1:0:udp:11210:127.0.0.1:11100 -s 0:0:udp:11200:172.30.1.11:11400 ..\c3640-ik9o3s-mz.124-8a.bin –idle-pc=0x606f808c -G ..\ghost_ram –sparse-mem

Save it after modification

Double click the generated BAT file

The following is the BAT file, memory and CPU usage of 3620 and 3640 after using GHOST characteristics:

Without GHOST, memory consumption of the two simulators is 180MB; with GHOST, it is 60MB.

When using SecureCRT link simulator, the memory usage is as following:

memory consumption of the two simulators is a little more than 80 MB
It saves about 100MB with GHOST usage!
It is original, and I hope that everyone can like it.
There is another tip: I don’t know where the problem lies (CPU? or RP?). When I start GHOST and operate BAT file, the memory is not saved. But when I minimize the two CMD windows twice (with 3S time interval), memory usage is like fig 2 and it is relatively stabilized. I hope that these tips can bring you new gains.

Once I open 6 dynamips instance, two of them simulate layer3 3660, one for DHCP 3660, one for layer2 3640, the left two simulate mainframe. With GHOST and MEMEMPTY in use, the memory usage of the six dynamips instance is no more than 6MB. If you are interested, you can have a try.

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